New York Tattoo License Practice Test

What is true about bacterial spores?

1. They are easily killed by soap and water

2. They can survive harsh conditions and become active in favorable conditions

3. They can be destroyed by disinfectants

4. They do not cause infections

The correct answer is: They can survive harsh conditions and become active in favorable conditions

Bacterial spores are remarkable structures that certain bacteria form to ensure their survival in extreme conditions. When nutrients are scarce or when environmental conditions become harsh (such as extreme temperatures, desiccation, or radiation), some bacteria can enter a dormant state by forming spores. These spores are resistant to heat, desiccation, and many types of disinfectants, allowing them to endure such harsh environments for extended periods. When conditions become favorable again — for instance, when moisture and nutrients are available — these spores can germinate and re-enter an active state, allowing the bacteria to resume their normal metabolic activity and reproduction. This unique ability to withstand adverse conditions and re-emerge when suitable highlights the resilience and adaptability of bacterial spores in various environments. While it's true that some disinfectants can be effective against certain bacteria, spores, in particular, often require specific high-level disinfection methods due to their resistance, which separates the characteristics of spores from the general susceptibility of active bacteria to cleaning agents like soap and water.